GCSE Maths Geometry and Measure

Circles, Sectors & Arcs

Equation of a Circle

# Equation of a Circle

Here we will learn about the equation of a circle including how to recognise the equation of a circle, form an equation of a circle given its radius and centre, use the equation of a circle to find its centre and radius, and solve problems.

There are also equation of a circle worksheets based on Edexcel, AQA and OCR exam questions, along with further guidance on where to go next if you’re still stuck.

## What is the equation of a circle?

The equation of a circle is x^2 + y^2 = r^2 , where r represents the radius (with a centre at 0,0 ).

The definition of a circle is a set of all points on a plane that are a fixed distance from a centre. That distance is called the radius.

For GCSE, you need to be able to recognise and use the equation of a circle with centre at the origin so consider the drawing below of a circle on a set of axes:

Now consider a right angled triangle created when the radius of the circle is the hypotenuse of the triangle (see the below figures):

• The horizontal line is the distance to the x coordinate.
• The vertical line is the distance to the y coordinate.
• The hypotenuse is the distance of the radius.

You can now apply Pythagoras’ theorem to the above:

a^2+b^2=c^2

a x coordinate

b = y coordinate

Therefore the general form of the equation of a circle centred at (0,0) is:

x^2+y^2=r^2

E.g.

Draw circle with equation x^2+y^2=9

The circle has a centre at (0,0) .

9 represents r^2 , so the radius r is given by 3 .

## How to use the equation of a circle

In order to solve problems involving the equation of a circle:

1. Write the general equation of a circle.
2. State any variables you know.
3. Substitute any values you know into the equation.
4. Use the information you have to solve the problem.

## Equation of a circle examples

### Example 1: writing the equation of a circle with a centre at the origin

What is the equation of a circle with a radius of 3 and a centre at the origin

1. Write the general equation of a circle.

x^2+y^2=r^2

2State any variables you know.

3Substitute any values you know into the equation.

x^2+y^2=3^2

4Use the information you have to solve the problem.

\begin{aligned} &x^{2}+y^{2}=3^{2} \quad \quad \quad \text{Simplify the equation by squaring the radius} \\ &x^{2}+y^{2}=9 \end{aligned}

Equation of the circle is :

x^2+y^2=9

### Example 2: writing the equation of a circle with a centre at the origin

What is the equation of a circle with a radius of 1.5 and a centre at the origin.

x^2+y^2=r^2

x^2+y^2=1.5^2

\begin{aligned} &x^{2}+y^{2}=1.5^{2} \quad \quad \quad \text {Simplify the equation by squaring the radius} \\ &x^{2}+y^{2}=2.25 \end{aligned}

Equation of the circle is:

x^2+y^2=2.25

### Example 3: writing the equation of a circle with a centre at the origin

What is the equation of a circle with a radius of \sqrt5 and a centre at the origin.

x^2+y^2=r^2

x^2+y^2=\sqrt5^2

\begin{aligned} &x^{2}+y^{2}=(\sqrt{5})^{2} \quad \quad \quad \text {Simplify the equation by squaring the radius } \\ &x^{2}+y^{2}=5 \end{aligned}

Equation of the circle is:

x^2+y^2=5

### Example 4: finding the radius of a circle given its equation

What is the radius of the circle with the equation

x^2+y^2=4

x^2+y^2=r^2

Equation of the circle is given as x^2+y^2=4

We do not know any variables so we are unable to substitute here.

We that the radius squared is equal to 4 , so

\begin{aligned} r^{2}&=4 \\ r&=\sqrt{4} \\ r&=2 \quad \text {You only use the positive value as radius is measure of distance} \end{aligned}

### Example 5: finding the radius of a circle given its equation

What is the radius of the circle with the equation

x^2+y^2=15

Give you answer to 2 decimal places.

x^2+y^2=r^2

Radius is unknown. Equation of the circle is given as x^2+y^2=15

We do not know any variables so we are unable to substitute here.

We know the equation of the circle is given in the question, therefore, we can create an equation for the radius:

\begin{aligned} r^{2}&=15 \\ r&=\sqrt{15} \\ r&=3.87298 \quad \text {You only use the positive value as radius is measure of distance} \end{aligned}

The question asks for the answer to be given to 2 decimal places, therefore: r = 3.87

### Example 6: finding the radius of a circle given its equation

What is the radius of the following circle?

2x^2+2y^2=100

x^2+y^2=r^2

Radius is unknown. Equation of the circle is given as 2x^2+2y^2=100

We do not know any variables so we are unable to substitute here.

We need to rearrange the equation so it is in the form:

x^2+y^2=r^2

Therefore,

\begin{aligned} 2 x^{2}+2 y^{2}&=100 \quad \quad \quad \text { Divide all terms by 2 } \\ x^{2}+y^{2}&=50 \end{aligned}

And so:

\begin{aligned} &r^{2}=50 \\ &r=\sqrt{50} \\ &r=7.071 \quad \end{aligned}

The question asks for the answer to be given to 1 decimal places, therefore: r=7.1

### Common misconceptions

Remember in the equation the radius is shown as a squared value. To find the radius you need to square root this value.

The radius cannot be negative because as the radius is a length it must always be a positive value.

• Equation in correct form

Remember in order to apply the equation of a circle to a question it must be in the form: x^2+y^2=r^2

Equation of a circle is part of our series of lessons to support revision on circles, sectors and arcs. You may find it helpful to start with the main circles, sectors and arcs lesson for a summary of what to expect, or use the step by step guides below for further detail on individual topics. Other lessons in this series include:

### Practice equation of a circle questions

1. What is the equation of a circle with a radius of 4 and a centre at the origin?

x^2+y^2=16

x^2+y^2=4

x^2+y^2=2

16
\begin{aligned} x^2+y^2=r^2\\ x^2+y^2=4^2\\ x^2+y^2=16 \end{aligned}

2. What is the equation of a circle with a radius of 6 and a centre at the origin?

36

x^2+y^2=6

x^2+y^2=12

x^2+y^2=36
\begin{aligned} x^2+y^2=r^2\\ x^2+y^2=6^2\\ x^2+y^2=36 \end{aligned}

3. What is the equation of a circle with a radius of \sqrt3 and a centre at the origin?

x^2+y^2=1.73

x^2+y^2=3

3

x^2+y^2=9
\begin{aligned} x^2+y^2=r^2\\ x^2+y^2=\sqrt3^2\\ x^2+y^2=3 \end{aligned}

4. What is the radius of the circle with the equation x^2+y^2=100

10000

10

100

x^2+y^2=10
\begin{aligned} r^{2}=100\\ r=\sqrt{100}\\ r=10 \end{aligned}

5. What is the radius of the circle with the equation (to two decimal places):
x^2+y^2=20

20

4.47

400

x^2+y^2=10
\begin{aligned} r^{2}=20 \\ r=\sqrt{20} \\ r=4.47 \end{aligned}

6. What is the radius of the circle with the equation (to two decimal places):
4x^2+4y^2=64

64

16

4

2
\begin{aligned} 4x^2+4y^2=64\\ x^{2}+y^{2}=16 \end{aligned}

Therefore,

\begin{aligned} r^{2}=16 \\ r=\sqrt{16} \\ r=4 \end{aligned}

### Equation of a circle GCSE questions

1. What is the equation of the circle with centre (0, 0) and radius of 2\sqrt3 units?

(2 marks)

2\sqrt3 being squared at any point, or 12 seen

(1)

x^2+y^2=12

(1)

2. What is the equation of the circle with centre (0, 0) and radius of \frac{2}{3} units?

(2 marks)

\frac{2}{3} being squared at any point, or \frac{4}{9} oe seen

(1)

x^2+y^2=\frac{4}{9} oe

(1)

3. Find the radius of the circle with the following equation.

(3 marks)

Divide equation by 5 or x^2+y^2=40 seen

(1)

\sqrt40

(1)

2\sqrt10

(1)

## Learning checklist

You have now learned how to:

• Identify and apply circle definitions and properties, including: centre, radius, chord, diameter, circumference
• Recognise and use the general equation of a circle with centre at the origin

## Still stuck?

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#### FREE GCSE Maths Practice Papers - 2022 Topics

Practice paper packs based on the advanced information for the Summer 2022 exam series from Edexcel, AQA and OCR.

Designed to help your GCSE students revise some of the topics that will come up in the Summer exams.