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Ratio How to write a ratio Multiplication and divisionHere you will learn about ratio problem solving, including how to set up and solve problems. You will also look at real life ratio word problems.
Students will first learn about ratio problem solving as part of ratio and proportion in 6 th grade and 7 th grade.
Ratio problem solving is a collection of ratio and proportion word problems that link together aspects of ratio and proportion into more real life questions. This requires you to be able to take key information from a question and use your knowledge of ratios (and other areas of the curriculum) to solve the problem.
A ratio is a relationship between two or more quantities. They are usually written in the form a : b where a and b are two quantities. When problem solving with a ratio, the key facts that you need to know are:
As with all problem solving, there is not one unique method to solve a problem. However, this does not mean that there arenβt similarities between different problems that you can use to help you find an answer.
The key to any problem solving is being able to draw from prior knowledge and use the correct piece of information to allow you to get to the next step and then the solution.
Letβs look at a couple of methods you can use when given certain pieces of information.
Use this worksheet to check your grade 6 to 8 studentsβ understanding of ratio problem solving. 15 questions with answers to identify areas of strength and support!
DOWNLOAD FREEUse this worksheet to check your grade 6 to 8 studentsβ understanding of ratio problem solving. 15 questions with answers to identify areas of strength and support!
DOWNLOAD FREEWhen solving ratio word problems, it is very important that you are able to use ratios. This includes being able to use ratio notation.
For example, Charlie and David share some sweets in the ratio of 3 : 5. This means that for every 3 sweets Charlie gets, David receives 5 sweets.
Charlie and David share 40 sweets, how many sweets do they each get?
You use the ratio to divide 40 sweets into 8 equal parts.
3 : 5
3+5=8
40 \div 8=5
Then you multiply each part of the ratio by 5.
3\times 5:5\times 5=15 : 25
This means that Charlie will get 15 sweets and David will get 25 sweets.
There can be ratio word problems involving different operations and types of numbers.
Here are some examples of different types of ratio word problems:
Dividing ratios | A bag of sweets is shared between boys and girls in |
Ratios and fractions (proportion word problems) | If \frac{9}{10} students are right handed, write the ratio of |
Simplifying ratios | Simplify the ratio 10:15.
|
Equivalent ratios | Write the ratio 4:15 in the form 1:n.
|
Units and conversions | If Β£1:\$1.37, how much is Β£10 in US dollars?
|
Percents | In a class of 30 students, the ratio of boys to girls is |
How does this relate to 6 th and 7 th grade math?
In order to solve problems including ratios:
Within a school, the total number of students who have school lunches to packed lunches is 5 : 7. If 465 students have a school lunch, how many students have a packed lunch?
Within a school, the number of students who have school lunches to packed lunches is \textbf{5 : 7} . If \textbf{465} students have a school lunch, how many students have a packed lunch?
Here you can see that the ratio is 5 : 7, where the first part of the ratio represents school lunches (S) and the second part of the ratio represents packed lunches (P).
You could write this as:
Where the letter above each part of the ratio links to the question.
You know that 465 students have school lunch.
2Know what you are trying to calculate.
From the question, you need to calculate the number of students that have a packed lunch, so you can now write a ratio below the ratio 5 : 7 that shows that you have 465 students who have school lunches, and p students who have a packed lunch.
You need to find the value of p.
3Use prior knowledge to structure a solution.
You are looking for an equivalent ratio to 5 : 7. So you need to calculate the multiplier.
You do this by dividing the known values on the same side of the ratio by each other.
465\div 5 = 93
This means to create an equivalent ratio, you can multiply both sides by 93.
So the value of p is equal to 7 \times 93=651.
There are 651 students that have a packed lunch.
The table below shows the currency conversions on one day.
Currency | Exchange Rate |
---|---|
GBP | 1.00 |
USD | 1.37 |
EUR | 1.17 |
AUD | 1.88 |
Use the table above to convert Β£520 \; (GBP) to Euros β¬ \; (EUR).
Identify key information within the question.
The table below shows the currency conversions on one day.
Currency | Exchange Rate |
---|---|
\colorbox{yellow}{GBP} | \colorbox{yellow}{1.00} |
USD | 1.37 |
\colorbox{yellow}{EUR} | \colorbox{yellow}{1.17} |
AUD | 1.88 |
Use the table above to convert \bf{οΏ‘520} \textbf{ (GBP)} to Euros \textbf{β¬ } \textbf{(EUR)}.
The two values in the table that are important are \text{GBP} and EUR. Writing this as a ratio, you can state,
You know that you have Β£520.
Know what you are trying to calculate.
You need to convert GBP to EUR and so you are looking for an equivalent ratio with GBP=Β£520 and EUR=E.
Use prior knowledge to structure a solution.
To get from 1 to 520, you multiply by 520 and so to calculate the number of Euros for Β£520, you need to multiply 1.17 by 520.
1.17 \times 520=608.4
So Β£520=β¬608.40.
Liquid plant food is sold in concentrated bottles. The instructions on the bottle state that the 500 \, ml of concentrated plant food must be diluted into 2 \, l of water. Express the ratio of plant food to water, respectively, in the ratio 1 : n.
Identify key information within the question.
Liquid plant food is sold in concentrated bottles. The instructions on the bottle state that the \bf{500 \, ml} of concentrated plant food must be diluted into \bf{2 \, l} of water. Express the ratio of plant food to water respectively as a ratio in the form 1 : n.
Using the information in the question, you can now state the ratio of plant food to water as 500 \, ml : 2 \, l. As you can convert liters into milliliters, you could convert 2 \, l into milliliters by multiplying it by 1000.
2 \, l=2000 \, ml
So you can also express the ratio as 500 : 2000 which will help you in later steps.
Know what you are trying to calculate.
You want to simplify the ratio 500 : 2000 into the form 1:n.
Use prior knowledge to structure a solution.
You need to find an equivalent ratio where the first part of the ratio is equal to 1. You can only do this by dividing both parts of the ratio by 500 (as 500 \div 500=1 ).
So the ratio of plant food to water in the form 1 : n is 1 : 4.
Three siblings, Josh, Kieran and Luke, receive an allowance each week proportional to their age. Kieran is 3 years older than Josh. Luke is twice Joshβs age. If Josh receives \$ 8 allowance, how much money do the three siblings receive in total?
Identify key information within the question.
Three siblings, Josh, Kieran and Luke, receive an allowance each week proportional to their ages. Kieran is \bf{3} years older than Josh. Luke is twice Joshβs age. If Luke receives \bf{\$ 8} allowance, how much money do the three siblings receive in total?
You can represent the ages of the three siblings as a ratio. Taking Josh as x years old, Kieran would therefore be x+3 years old, and Luke would be 2x years old. As a ratio, you have:
You also know that Luke receives \$ 8.
Know what you are trying to calculate.
You want to calculate the total amount of allowance for the three siblings.
Use prior knowledge to structure a solution.
You need to find the value of x first. As Luke receives \$ 8, you can state the equation 2x=8 and so x=4.
Now you know the value of x, you can substitute this value into the other parts of the ratio to obtain how much money the siblings each receive.
The total amount of allowance is therefore 4+7+8=\$ 19.
Below is a bar chart showing the results for the colors of counters in a bag.
Express this data as a ratio in its simplest form.
Identify key information within the question.
From the bar chart, you can read the frequencies to create the ratio.
Know what you are trying to calculate.
You need to simplify this ratio.
Use prior knowledge to structure a solution.
To simplify a ratio, you need to find the highest common factor of all the parts of the ratio. By listing the factors of each number, you can quickly see that the highest common factor is 2.
\begin{aligned} & 12 = 1, {\color{red}2}, 3, 4, 6, 12 \\\\ & 16 = 1, {\color{red}2}, 4, 8, 16 \\\\ & 10 = 1, {\color{red}2}, 5, 10 \end{aligned}
HCF(12,16,10) = 2
Dividing all the parts of the ratio by 2, you get
Our solution is 6 : 8 : 5.
Glass is made from silica, lime and soda. The ratio of silica to lime is 15 : 2. The ratio of silica to soda is 5 : 1. State the ratio of silica:lime:soda.
Identify key information within the question.
Glass is made from silica, lime and soda. The ratio of silica to lime is \bf{15 : 2}. The ratio of silica to soda is \bf{5 : 1}. State the ratio of silica:lime:soda.
You know the two ratios
Know what you are trying to calculate.
You are trying to find the ratio of all 3 components: silica, lime and soda.
Use prior knowledge to structure a solution.
Using equivalent ratios you can say that the ratio of Silica:Soda is equivalent to 15 : 3 by multiplying the ratio by 3.
You now have the same amount of silica in both ratios and so you can now combine them to get the ratio 15 : 2 : 3.
India and Beau share some popcorn in the ratio of 5 : 2. If India has 75 \, g more popcorn than Beau, what was the original quantity?
Identify key information within the question.
India and Beau share some popcorn in the ratio of \bf{5 : 2} . If India has \bf{75 \, g} more popcorn than Beau, what was the original quantity?
You know that the initial ratio is 5 : 2 and that India has three more parts than Beau.
You want to find the original quantity.
Drawing a bar model of this problem, you have:
Where India has 5 equal shares, and Beau has 2 equal shares.
Know what you are trying to calculate.
Each share is the same value and so if you can find out this value, you can then find the total quantity.
Use prior knowledge to structure a solution.
From the question, Indiaβs share is 75 \, g more than Beauβs share so you can write this on the bar model.
You can find the value of one share by working out 75 \div 3=25 \, g.
You can fill in each share to be 25 \, g.
Adding up each share, you get
India=5 \times 25=125 \, g
Beau=2 \times 25=50 \, g
The total amount of popcorn was 125+50=175 \, g.
1. An online shop sells board games and computer games. The ratio of board games to the total number of games sold in one month is 3 : 8. What is the ratio of board games to computer games?
8-3=5 computer games sold for every 3 board games.
2. The ratio of prime numbers to non-prime numbers from 1-200 is 45 : 155. Express this as a ratio in the form 1 : n.
You need to simplify the ratio so that the first number is 1. That means you need to divide each number in the ratio by 45.
45 \div 45=1
155\div{45}=3\cfrac{4}{9}
3. During one month, the weather was recorded into 3 categories: sunshine, cloud and rain. The ratio of sunshine to cloud was 2 : 3 and the ratio of cloud to rain was 9 : 11. State the ratio that compares sunshine:cloud:rain for the month.
3 \times S : C=6 : 9
6 : 9 : 11
4. The angles in a triangle are written as the ratio x : 2x : 3x. Calculate the size of each angle.
You should know that the 3 angles in a triangle always equal 180^{\circ}.
\begin{aligned} & x+2 x+3 x=180 \\\\ & 6 x=180 \\\\ & x=30^{\circ} \\\\ & 2 x=60^{\circ} \\\\ & 3 x=90^{\circ} \end{aligned}
5. A clothing company has a sale on tops, dresses and shoes. \cfrac{1}{3} of sales were for tops, \cfrac{1}{5} of sales were for dresses, and the rest were for shoes. Write a ratio of tops to dresses to shoes sold in its simplest form.
\cfrac{1}{3}+\cfrac{1}{5}=\cfrac{5+3}{15}=\cfrac{8}{15}
1-\cfrac{8}{15}=\cfrac{7}{15}
5 : 3 : 7
6. The volume of gas is directly proportional to the temperature (in degrees Kelvin). A balloon contains 2.75 \, l of gas and has a temperature of 18^{\circ}K. What is the volume of gas if the temperature increases to 45^{\circ}K?
The given ratio in the word problem is 2. 75 \mathrm{~L}: 18^{\circ} \mathrm{K}
Divide 45 by 18 to see the relationship between the two temperatures.
45 \div 18=2.5
45 is 2.5 times greater than 18. So we multiply 2.75 by 2.5 to get the amount of gas.
2.75 \times 2.5=6.875 \mathrm{~l}
A ratio is a comparison of two or more quantities. It shows how much one quantity is related to another.
A recipe calls for 2 cups of flour and 1 cup of sugar. What is the ratio of flour to sugar? (2 : 1)
In middle school ( 7 th grade and 8 th grade), students transition from understanding basic ratios to working with more complex and real-life applications of ratios and proportions. They gain a deeper understanding of how ratios relate to different mathematical concepts, making them more prepared for higher-level math topics in high school.
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Prepare for math tests in your state with these 3rd Grade to 8th Grade practice assessments for Common Core and state equivalents.
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